ABSTRACT
The relation between the state and its individual members has been the subject of lively discussion for many years, not only for political theorists but also as a question of practical politics which affects the lives of numerous people. Here it will be possible only to indicate some of the more general considerations which may serve as a basis for an attempt to clarify the various points that can be and have been raised in this connection. It may be as well to begin with the simple and obvious point that the state is a community or association of individuals. Indeed, in so far as it develops a general habit of thinking in terms of fear of punishment as the only motive for acting properly to other people, its effects will be bad.
