ABSTRACT
This chapter explores 60 years of research findings on the impact of 30 different education technology interventions on student learning outcomes. It finds that, overall, education technology has a moderately positive effect on learner outcomes, but that the effect size/impact has not changed markedly since the 1970s; and that most types of technology intervention have below-average returns for above-average cost and are therefore not Lean. However, three promising technologies for the low- and middle-income countries are identified: (1) the use of video-based teacher performance analytics; (2) tablet-driven scripted direction instruction systems; and (3) computer-assisted instruction/intelligent tutoring systems that are used directly by students. We conclude by exploring the implications of experimental technology – including genetic engineering and brain–computer interfaces – on the future of schooling.
