ABSTRACT
As the cities grew in size and complexity their residents formed new institutions and reorganized old ones to meet their needs. The exchanges have been attacked on the ground that they are monopolies, and also on the ground of the alleged arbitrariness of their rules. The experience of Boston with gas franchises has been in many respects similar to that of other cities. The investigations of Hull-House thus tend to be merged with those of larger organizations, from the investigation of the social value of saloons made for the Committee of Fifty in 1896, to the one on infant mortality in relation to nationality, made for the American Academy of Science in 1909. Out of memories of the comradeship of college kneipes, the people organized the Beer and Skittles Club, which rather by accident took on a serious purpose.
