ABSTRACT
The various continental cases of Russian interference are examined, including relations with Germany, France and Italy. The impact of the defeat in Afghanistan in August 2021 and the conflict over Ukraine is assessed. The larger argument is that the Gorbachevian notion of a ‘common European home’ is still relevant and that some form of inclusive pan-continentalism can act as a foil to the proliferation of Russia scares, which only deepen the impasse of Cold War II. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the full-scale proxy war between Russia and the West only delays rather than invalidates this agenda.
