ABSTRACT
Cyber warfare of various forms characterises Cold War II, and hence the character, number and purpose of such activity is assessed. The problem of attribution and false flag attacks, as well as the role of sub-state actors, are critical issues. The second part of the chapter analyses attempts to establish ‘guardrails’ over this activity, accompanied by an assessment of the various doctrines and interpretations of ‘informational security’. The diverging approaches of the United States and Russia are examined, as well as their attempts to establish some sort of common cyber regime.
