ABSTRACT
Automated and artificial intelligence systems are found in all aspects of work and life—in manufacturing, power generation, health care, transportation, offices, homes, and in many other industries. This chapter reviews automation and human performance. Automation has introduced new challenges for the nature of cognitive work. As reviewed in this chapter, several human performance issues have arisen because automated systems have often been designed from a technology-centered perspective. This chapter instead advocates for a human-centered automation or human–automation teaming perspective. In this approach designers utilize appropriate levels and stages of automation, reduce automation complexity, providing feedback, implement transparency and training for calibrated automation trust as ways of increasing the resilience of the human to handle automation failures. This chapter also reviews the possibility of adaptive and adaptable automation in reducing some of the human performance costs of automation. By summarizing the limitations and capabilities people have, as discussed in the previous chapters, the chapter provides the apex of engineering psychology—the design of engineered systems that appropriately consider the human factor.
