ABSTRACT
The idea of the division of labour and its corresponding demands for technical qualifications in people employed in various occupations was emphasised from an early stage. Within industry, three main groups of tasks and levels were distinguished which required a technical education: the jobs that demanded a technical university education, those that needed an engineering education on a lower level, and those that only called for a limited technical education. An important object of economic-historical research will therefore be to fill in the blanks of statistical information through calculations and estimations, enabling us to discuss the industrial development of the countries from partly new points of departure. According to the most important criticism, the educational system and its output concentrated too heavily on the top ranks of instruction, administration and industry, and neglected to provide sufficient training for instructors, laboratory assistants, middle cadres, foremen and skilled workers.
