ABSTRACT
Trends can accelerate, slow down, or even be reversed. Recent years have witnessed dramatic changes owing to Donald Trump and then an effort by President Biden to return to the continuity of a globalizing and collaborative world that Trump rejected. States remain, but they have been thoroughly penetrated by global economic, social, and cultural forces over which they have little control. In a world dominated by liberal institutions, nongovernmental organizations would play a major role in managing violence and relieving human suffering. The transformation of global politics and changing patterns of authority, identities, and resource distribution in any era are likely to be accompanied by anxiety and instability. One of the best-known works in fiction that seeks to describe the global future was George Orwell’s 1984, written in 1949. The country, which resembles the Soviet Union under Stalin, is governed by the Party led by “Big Brother”.
