ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the medical traditions of India and China, which evolved largely independent of the West until the early modern period. The Crusades, which spanned a two-century period from the late 11th century to the late 13th century proved consequential to the evolution of healthcare. The logos for the Red Cross, Blue Cross, and Blue Shield also can be said to have these origins. The evolution of hospitals from the Middle Ages to the modern era included a transition for health occupations too. Indian medical knowledge did mix with Persian and Arab learning over the centuries, but the Indian tradition is often considered mostly a separate evolution. The health sector looms large in our economy and prosperity has never been so entwined with its evolution. Atrial diastole is an active phenomenon and functions like a suction machine of the human heart. It keeps the blood in motion in the systemic and pulmonary venous systems.
