ABSTRACT
This chapter moves to behaviorism, a system of psychology that remained ascendant for decades in the United States. Antecedents of behaviorism, including the works of Russian scholars such as Ivan Sechenov and Ivan Pavlov are included. Pavlov’s basic work on conditioning is followed by his applied scholarship in experimental neurosis. The chapter then turns to the behaviorism of John B. Watson, who generated a radical mechanistic psychology in the tradition of Thomas Hobbes and Julian Offray de La Mettrie. The chapter then moves to the neobehaviorism of learning theorists such as Clark Hull, Edwin Ray Guthrie, and Edward Chase Tolman. Finally, the extensive career and contributions of B. F. Skinner are considered.
