ABSTRACT
This chapter presents psychoanalysis, beginning with a biographical sketch of Sigmund Freud. His ideas, especially his later works, are commonly misrepresented, and therefore this chapter considers his contributions in detail, especially in works such as The Future of an Illusion, Civilization and its Discontents, and his exchange of letters with Albert Einstein on the problems of war and aggression. The chapter includes an appreciative overview alongside a critical overview of Freud’s ideas and their influence. The chapter then moves to other psychoanalysts who challenged Freud, including Alfred Adler, Carl Gustav Jung, and Karen Danielsen Horney. The chapter concludes with other contributors who shaped these fields, including Melanie Klein and Anna Freud.
