ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with the machinery of planning chiefly from the standpoint of central organisation. Inherent in all forms of large-scale organisation is a danger of top-heaviness and bureaucracy. For bureaucracy is by no means a quality peculiar to bodies acting directly under the auspices of the State. A large capitalist combine can be quite as bureaucratic and over-centralised as a State department, and can interpose quite as many delays and annoyances in the way of those who want to get things done. The methods of mass-production aggregate the workers into large groups under a common discipline, so that each workshop is more and more apt to show a large number of persons either all doing exactly the same thing, or all collaborating upon a linked series of repetitive processes that go to the making of a uniform product.
