ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on judging policies: policy analysis and implementation evaluation. The traditional managerial, political and policy, and legal perspectives tend to agree that implementation can be problematic if it gives too much discretionary authority to individual administrators. Implementation studies suggest that a process analysis may be the place to begin policy analysis. The managerial perspective views effectiveness, efficiency, and economy in implementation as constraints on activities and concerns such as customer satisfaction, public participation, and procedural due process. Assessing outputs provides no measure of a program's effectiveness in achieving its goals. Policy analysis and implementation evaluation are intended to be useful to political officials and public administrators. Cost-effectiveness, customer satisfaction, political accountability, procedural due process, and other relevant values often conflict with one another-in the abstract and in day-to-day administrative practice. Public administration is an activist part of government. It is a means by which government seeks to intervene in aspects of the economy, society, and polity.
