ABSTRACT
The structure of an organization affects the behavior of the organization as a whole and that of its individual members. The structure and process of an organization can also have important impacts on its clients and customers. Organization coordinates human activity. Armies are a contemporary example that reaches back to antiquity. Inherent in modern organization theory is the notion that organizations should be rationally designed to achieve their purposes effectively and efficiently. An “organizational society” may mesh well with Anglo-American cultural and political values that emphasize individualism and individual rights. Bureaucracy may therefore, at times, come into conflict with constitutional values. Efforts to understand the rise of modern organizations led to the development of a self-conscious body of thought called “organization theory.”. In general, organizational theory is “generic” in the sense that it does not make distinctions between public and private organizations.
