ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the important difficult and dangerous gorges that the foreign invaders used to get in and out of Afghanistan and have left behind the remarkable imprints of their culture in Afghanistan. The important foreign invaders included: the Achaemenid Empire, Alexander the Great, Kanishka of the Kushan dynasty, the Sassanid dynasty, the Arab Muslim warriors, Mahmud of Ghaznavi, the Ghorids, Khwarizm Shah, Genghis Khan, Amir Temur, Mohammad Zahiruddin Babur, Nadir Shah, Ahmad Shah Durrani, and Russia.
