ABSTRACT
Soon after the independence of Afghanistan, Lenin was the first to write a letter to King Amanullah in which he preached in favor of Marxism and against the bourgeois imperialism. One thousand Afghan military men were brainwashed about communism during their military training in Russia. This chapter discusses in detail the following questions of evolution of the communist movement in Afghanistan by using the returned training participants: how the Russians selected the local leaders and provided them with the resources for recruitment of young Afghans to carry out the sedition activities to prepare a ground for the anticipated coup; how the first coup supported by Russia toppled the legal Afghan government and the communist puppet leaders were planted; how the planted leaders were killed one by one until the last invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union on December 27, 1979; how the atrocities of the communist regime led to the resistance by the Afghans all over the country; And how the Afghan warlords organized the Mujahidin groups to fight the Russians with the support of the US, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia.? The defeated Russian army retreated home after nine years of fighting.
