Economic and social performance after the 2008–09 global financial crisis and during the COVID-19 pandemic

This chapter will outline the economic and social performance of the countries and country groups discussed in the book. This includes the development of their gross domestic product per capita on a purchasing-power parity basis, the level of unemployment in each country and indicators of social progress i.e. income inequality as well as poverty and social exclusion. The chapter will also discuss different welfare systems in the country groups and how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the individual countries.