ABSTRACT
This concluding chapter fulfils two objectives: (i) to provide a critical account of the latest trends in economic theory and empirical research, namely the rise of behavioural economics and the influence of evolutionary hypotheses to explain the importance of the concept of fairness in these models; (ii) to propose a normative perspective centred on the notion of reciprocity that could guide the moral discourse of economists in the future. Although it does not literally mark a return to the moral vision of classical political economists with their emphasis on “sympathy,” it bears some resemblance to their worldview. Finally, this chapter offers a brief synthesis of the ideas and theories discussed in all the previous chapters.
