ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses hunter-gatherer religion in the context of rock art and other evidence of ritual left behind by cultures in Africa and Australia. In Africa, the Kalahari Bushman cultures are explored, including description of their cultures and religious belief systems. These are then used to show how archaeologists can interpret the rock art found across the Kalahari Desert. The chapter then goes on to profile Australian Aboriginal arrival to Australia and general culture and religious belief systems. These are then used to show how archaeologists can use living cultures to help interpret ancient rock art across the continent.
