ABSTRACT
As of this writing, the United States celebrates the 50th anniversary of Title IX, the landmark legislation that together with the passage of Roe vs. Wade has mapped the way for gains for women in economic, educational, and workforce settings. The rights of women as full participants in the United States have been a struggle since its founding. Over time, as mostly White women gained rights, others ‒ Black, Indigenous, and women of color ‒ have continued to be marginalized and face additional burdens that are the result of their multiple, intersecting identities. This chapter explores issues of equal representation, pay equity, and gender-based harassment, discrimination, and violence, and the intersecting influence of race, sexuality, and gender identity. A central women’s rights issue, that of reproductive rights, is explored more fully in Chapter 10.
