ABSTRACT
Chapter 7 turns to the GI-groups’ collective action during the ‘refugee crisis’ (2015–2017). It is divided into three main sections, exploring (1) the groups’ protest frequencies and issue foci; (2) the Europeanisation of the protest ‘scopes’ and mobilisation forms; and (3) the role of national contexts and opportunities for far-right Europeanisation (by focusing on the German and Czech cases). The chapter reveals that the national GI-groups’ protest frequencies vary highly, due to their different levels of material resources and political opportunities, especially regarding domestic political space. Hardly any of the GI-groups target the EU, instead opting for a ‘domestication’ or ‘domestic protest’ strategy. The closer analysis of GI Germany and GI Czechia’s protests underlines the groups’ highly varied protest strategies. Yet, at the same time, several of the GI-groups’ protest tactics align, demonstrating that they have a relatively strong transnational relationship, at least in terms of protest diffusion.
