ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the rise of educational tests during the mid-20th century. The chapter begins by examining adaptations of the Army Alpha and the Stanford-Binet test of intelligence and their adoption by U.S. schools during the 1920s. The development of the SAT college admission testing program is also examined. The chapter ends by examining bias in these early measures and considers the influences of the White Racial Frame on both the development of these testing programs and the bias in these tests.
