ABSTRACT
This chapter develops a theoretical framework to deal with crisis response implementation governance by reviewing literature related to crisis management and governance in general. For this, the structural characteristics of the crisis situations brought about by COVID-19 are discussed, and efforts to categorize crisis response implementation governance types are attempted. By crossing the axes of the severity degree of a crisis situation and the positiveness degree of the government response to the situation seen by civil society, four typologies are developed: cooperative governance indicates a case that both severity degree and positiveness degree are high; passive governance is a case that severity degree is low and positiveness degree is high; proactive governance is a case that severity degree is high and positiveness degree is low; and laissez-faire governance is a case that both severity degree and positiveness degree are low.
