ABSTRACT
There are of course in most Turkish villages a number of landless people who hire out their labour, either to the larger peasants in the neighbourhood, or to the larger farmers, vineyard and cotton plantation owners in other parts of Turkey. The methods of agriculture employed by the Turkish peasant remain primitive over wide areas of the country. The principal trees of the Turkish forests are the Scots Pine and the Austrian Pine. There is an old Turkish custom that when a peasant’s child is born poplar trees are planted so that they can provide the timbers for a house when the child grows up and wants a home of his own. The Ottoman Turks in the days of the great Sultans gradually created conditions where peaceful cultivations were again possible. The Turkish villages vary according to altitude, soil and climate, but several features are common to all.
