ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces several approaches and tools that are commonly used within improvement projects and activities. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a technique which can be applied to operations in manufacturing, service and public bodies to gain real-step changes in performance. Strangers and Aliens can cause significant disruption and wastes if run through processes that have been designed to handle runners and repeaters. If this occurs, the impact of these should be considered during the VSM. Lean six sigma Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control (DMAIC) projects is a structured problem-solving process where the project moves through each of the stages defined by DMAIC. DMAIC projects are identified on the organisation's continuous improvement plan and are assigned to a senior manager who is called the project sponsor. Toll gate reviews are held between at least the Leader and the Sponsor at the end of each of the respective DMAIC stages to ensure they have been delivered satisfactorily.
