ABSTRACT
If cognitive fusion to unworkable relational frames – or rules – undermines contact with valued reinforcement, then cognitive defusion describes the attempt of behavior analysts to weaken relational stimulus control when that is helpful. We introduce relational density theory as an extension of RFT that allows for a functional analysis of the resistance of relational behavior to change, including changes in external contingencies of reinforcement. Highly fused networks with multiple supporting relations can exert strong stimulus control contributing to avoidance. Considerable translational research within RFT has explored how cognitive defusion exercises can weaken the stimulus control of highly fused relations and provide potential avenues for the development of direct behavioral measures of cognitive fusion. Defusion exercises can take many different forms, including playing with words, disrupting thought-action streams, or observing and identifying relational responses in the moment. Behavior analysts can vary the form and frequency of defusion exercises to create individualized programming for clients. We again conclude the chapter by discussing antecedent and consequence strategies to support cognitive defusion and the interaction between cognitive defusion and the processes of present-moment awareness and acceptance.
