ABSTRACT
This chapter explains how volcanic and plutonic processes, as well as the folding and faulting of rocks, fashion landforms. It considers plutonic and subvolcanic settings, discussing the volcanic plumbing system, major intrusions, and minor intrusions; volcanic settings, explaining the different types of volcano; and two indirect effects of volcanoes – drainage modification and relief inversion. It then examines landforms associated with folded geological structures, and in particular with flat sedimentary beds and folded sedimentary beds. Lastly, it explains how faults and joints in rocks can produce distinctive landforms, including fault scarps, rift valleys, shutter ridges, and lineaments.
