ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on how leaders decide what is most important to accomplish with their scarce time and resources. Analysis of both task and subordinate characteristics can identify areas of likely problems and point to more effective strategies. Task characteristics include the degree of structure and routine in the work versus its unstructured, episodic aspects, feedback provided by the work itself, and how intrinsically satisfying the work is. A number of strategies can address deficiencies in task skills. Starting with worker characteristics, experience and ability can be improved through a better recruitment and hiring process. Additional testing can be required, standards raised, and training expanded. Some strategies address task skills and focus on the nature of the work. Role clarity is the accurate and precise knowledge that workers, groups, and managers have about what they are to master and how it integrates with others.
