ABSTRACT
As elements of information infrastructure, data and privacy protection are essential policy issues with increasing importance due to their potentially significant impacts on future Fintech and Internet business models. Data has many types and characteristics and follows four allocation mechanisms. First, data as a public good is usually provided by government freely to the public. Second, if the data has clear ownership and the feature of exclusiveness, a club products payment model can be adopted. Third, it is challenging to assign and enforce property rights of many types of data. A combination of cryptographic technologies, such as verifiable computation, homomorphic encryption, and secure multi-party computation, and institutional design, such as the European Union’s “General Data Protection Regulation” (GDPR) is required. The core issue of personal data management is privacy protection. Privacy protection does not exclude the sharing of personal data. It requires effective control of the sharing process and a balance between protecting and sharing personal data.
