ABSTRACT
The concluding chapter proposes steps toward a more emancipatory future. States and localities are increasingly trying to recognize and protect their residents regardless of legal status. However, such sanctuary policies do not change federal immigration policies and enforcement. Thus, there is still the practical need to remain invisible to the mechanisms of the larger nation-state. The chapter also addresses the problem and potential of horizontal (peer-to-peer) surveillance. This can be a particularly constraining form of social shaping as individuals are forced to perform certain roles under fear of social and legal penalty. However, the hyper-awareness that one is performing a false identity lessens the chance of that role being internalized and impacting genuine identity formation. Furthermore, such peer-to-peer surveillance potentially allows the social sphere to reconstruct categories in emancipatory ways. These noninstitutional realms allow additional points of entry in which counternarratives and counterpublics can emerge resulting in a proliferation of accepted identities and safe spaces to tell stories once ignored. Through these forms of social citizenship and sub-governmental membership, unauthorized residents can continue to evade state surveillance and categorization while being seen and heard by members of their various communities.
