ABSTRACT
The fifth chapter revisits the political ecology narratives outlined in chapter 1 to discuss winners and losers in the Indonesia–Norway REDD+ story. It particularly covers whether REDD+ has had a destabilizing effect on sustainable community forest management, has disabled local systems of livelihoods by officials and global interests, and has accelerated conflict through resource enclosure. The chapter concludes by reflecting on broader theoretical preoccupations regarding power and the political, regulation and the market, conflict and violence.
