ABSTRACT
School-based change is necessary for adapting to a changing environment and pursuing dynamic school effectiveness. In this chapter, matrix conceptions are proposed to understand and analyze the complex nature of school-based change. Assumed that staff development is a major means to carry out effective school-based changes, the proposed principle of congruence can provide important guidelines to direct the practice of school-based change and staff development for long-term effectiveness. The matrix of force field provides a comprehensive view to conduct the analysis of driving forces and restraining forces and then develop strategies to manage the school change. A thorough understanding of different strategies and techniques is important to the effective application of them to implement school-based changes in a process of three different stages.
