ABSTRACT
Following the three waves of education reforms, three clusters of models can be used to manage, monitor, and evaluate school effectiveness at the site level. In respect of the first wave with a focus on internal effectiveness, applicable models include the goal model, the process model, and the absence of problem model. In respect of the second wave, applicable models would focus on interface effectiveness and include the resource model, the satisfaction model, and the accountability model. For the third wave emphasizing future effectiveness, applicable models include the triplization model, the CMI model, and the continuous learning model. For complicated contexts, different combinations of the models may be used to manage and monitor school effectiveness.
