ABSTRACT
Instruction and instructional design are also value-centered but in a much different way. Educational theorists create arguments to support a position they advocate, instructional theorists accept a goal as given and then adopt a value proposition such as achieving the indicated goal for as many learners as possible in the least amount of time using available resources. Instructional design has moved from a focus on instructional media toward a focus on addressing learning and performance problems through the design, development, implementation, evaluation, and management of instructional and noninstructional processes and resources. instructional design has moved from a focus on instructional media toward a focus on addressing learning and performance problems through the design, development, implementation, evaluation, and management of instructional and noninstructional processes and resources.
