ABSTRACT
In the three regions I studied, two types of rules-in-use shape the implementation of low-carbon development patterns: (1) spatial policies and (2) integrating mechanisms. Spatial policies operationalize low-carbon development patterns into policy statements that can guide local development decisions and infrastructure investments. The three regions provide different examples of spatial policies that promote a reduction in transportation emissions. However, the three regions clearly demonstrate that spatial policies can only influence implementation decisions to the degree that they are connected with integrating mechanisms.
