ABSTRACT
Chapter 5 investigates whether higher- and lower-level actions (HLAs and LLAs) in task instructions-as-process are task dependent, exploring multimodal configuration of task instructions-as-process for a convergent information-gap task and a divergent opinion-exchange task. The analysis underlines that the convergent task required a higher number of HLAs prior to task onset compared to the divergent task which required fewer HLAs before the learners embarked on task accomplishment, but during which the HLAs were employed resembling instructional conversations. Although modes and modal configurations of the LLAs for both tasks were similar, the LLAs for the convergent task demonstrated higher multimodal density and a higher number of modal shifts. Three new HLAs observed in the divergent task are presented here.
