ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that all immediate justification comes from foundational evidence. Among internalists, those who disagree are generally epistemic conservatives—that is, they maintain that we gain some immediate justification for our beliefs simply by virtue of possessing them. Such a position is acknowledged to have little initial plausibility. Its only hope is to prove too theoretically fruitful to avoid. Alas, phenomenal conservatism undermines whatever theoretical motivations epistemic conservatism might otherwise enjoy by accounting for the same phenomena from a more plausible starting point. If a conservative one must be, better to be the phenomenal kind.
