ABSTRACT
This chapter complements Chapter 11 (about patterns of SES segregation over time) by showing how the attainment gap between permanently disadvantaged pupils and the rest has changed since 2006 in England, at Key Stage 1, KS2 and KS4. The gap is looked at in terms of a standard “effect” size, by national rankings, and in terms of pupils above and below the national mean. All of these alternatives yield the same substantive conclusions.
