ABSTRACT
Genes constrain developmental trajectories, but learning is decisive, and all human functions can be explained on the basis of the same principles of learning, whether it be using language, solving problems, understanding emotions or entering into social relationships. Behaviorists often “translate” concepts from other theories – such as cognitive schema, attachment, joint attention and social referencing – into behavioristic terminology and explanations based on the relationship between stimuli and responses. Albert Bandura is usually placed within behaviorism, although his cognitive or social learning theory differs considerably from traditional behaviorism. He emphasizes that people are conscious, goal-oriented managers of their own lives and includes explanations based on cognitive processes traditionally avoided by behaviorists. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), which applies self-instruction and other cognitive strategies, is a common intervention for mood and behavioral disorders in children.
