ABSTRACT
In 1990, the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model was first described. The three core principles were: risk (direct treatment to the higher-risk case), need (target dynamic risk factors/criminogenic needs in treatment), and responsivity (treatment should be cognitive-behavioral with consideration of personal characteristics). For many, these three principles are viewed as the complete model. However, research on assessment and treatment has continued and today’s RNR model has expanded considerably.
The expanded RNR model is the focus of Chapter 9. The 15 principles fall into three general categories. First, we have three specific principles under “Overarching Principles.” They are: respect for the person, understanding criminal behavior through GPCSL, and applying RNR across the range of crime prevention services. Second, there are the “Core Clinical Principles,” of which there are nine. Here are the original 1990 principles of risk, need, responsivity (general and specific), and professional discretion. The category also includes the principles of human service, breadth, strength, and structured assessment. The last three principles are subsumed under “Organizational Principles” (community-based, GPCSL staff practices, and management).
