ABSTRACT
Chapter 3 is about the two World Wars and the interwar years. “Temporary” restriction caused by the Great War became permanent. Contrary to the previous period, these decades are characterised by large-scale territorialisation. At the same time, globalisation also took place; interdependence and rules made far away had worldwide effects. For example, the United States was forced to introduce mandatory use of passports on a reciprocal basis, while East Central Europe was hit hard by the US immigration quotas. Global border crossing difficulties resulted in international efforts to regulate basic passport and visa rules (although only as recommendations).
