ABSTRACT
Turkey’s slide into populism under Erdoğan was in part enabled by the perceived alienation of religion/religious conservativism in Turkish society, accompanied by decades of strict (regulatory) control by the state and its polity. In their vision of a secular and modern Turkey, leaders such as Atatürk failed to recognise that a significant segment of the country was not prepared to deal with the cultural shocks that the Kemalist vision brought with it. This part conclusion summarises the case study of Turkey; the conditions under which Erdoğan came to power; and how his authoritarian control has redefined the socio-political and socio-economic foundations of Turkey.
