ABSTRACT
The continued evolution of technology creates both opportunities and challenges in cybersecurity. Indeed, the attempts to circumvent and change socio-technical systems by hackers and cybercriminals can often be a driver in the development of technology. This chapter explores some recent technological developments that are relevant to cybersecurity. Firstly, the role of eye-tracking technologies is discussed. This involves the monitoring of eye movements to infer the cognitive processes that an individual is exhibiting, such as for example when someone is making a judgement of whether an email is a phishing one. It has recently become possible to conduct eye-tracking through computer and smartphone webcams, increasing the possibilities for the application of this technology in real-world settings. In addition, advancements in big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are increasingly impacting cybersecurity, not only for those who aim to protect computer systems, but also those with malicious intent who seek to use these technologies for offensive purposes. The potential for machine learning and artificial intelligence to predict future cybercrime is also explored, as are the unintended consequences that may arise from use of these technologies.
