ABSTRACT
Immigrants are relatively voluntary refugees; refugees are involuntary or coerced immigrants. The political and social forces that impel movements of people to seek other places for either increased opportunity or safe refuge are essentially the same throughout history; relatively rarely is the immigrant or refugee journey taken as a caprice. The APA acknowledges the severe psychological consequences to refugees and forcibly displaced persons, which now number between 60 and 120 million worldwide, and has developed an extensive network of resources for psychological professionals concerned with immigrants and refugees. Voluntary immigration can be explored by visiting the websites of various countries’ immigration services. Working through all aspects of an application for naturalization will be instructive and depressing at the same time. A challenging exercise would be to discover the reasons why the relative handful of US citizens renounce their citizenship yearly.
