ABSTRACT
While scientific and technological optimism was in its heyday, another extreme ideological trend emerged in Western society, that is, pessimism toward science and technology. This pessimistic belief, no matter whether it was held by scientists dedicated to natural science or humanists in the field of human science, mainly originated from their worries about the future of human beings and their confusion about the ecological crises caused by scientific and technological progress. Their discussions of these problems faced by human beings, coupled with their criticism of science and technology for being the “culprit,” not only have a significant impact on contemporary practices but also give birth to the postmodern ideological trend of anti-scientism.
