ABSTRACT
Chapter 4 describes an emerging body of research linking multiple socio-ecological factors to trauma. Specifically, research suggests that individual-level characteristics (e.g., genetics, family, coping, social support) are mediated and/or moderated by a broad range of factors, all of which have the potential to mitigate the longitudinal course of developmental trauma associated psychiatric comorbidities and functional impairments. Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model asserts that multiple levels of influence, specifically individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public (in the form of policies), all play a role in determining the diverse range of adaptations associated with interpersonal trauma. More specifically, these different levels (or factors) can confer additive risks or, conversely, potentiate positive and resilient transformations in response to adverse childhood experiences.
