ABSTRACT
In this chapter, epistemology, which is the study of knowledge, or how we know what we know, will be explored by using practical real-world examples. By unpacking research terms that have often been seen as daunting to new researchers, we will use plain language and practical examples to explore the ideas of ontology, epistemology and axiology. We will look at two dominant epistemological positions, social constructionism and positivism, and how these impact on the way we design, interpret and engage with the research process. We also highlight the risk of dominant discourse and research bias in subjugating diverse knowledge bases, including those of First Nations communities. By understanding the process of knowledge construction and knowledge consumption, we can begin to interrogate the voices and opinions that may (or may not) be privileged in the research process. We are then able to be cognisant of our own research positionality and understand the significance of critical reflection within social work research while appreciating the role critical reflection plays in assisting us to navigate epistemological tensions.
