ABSTRACT
The one at the local level was considered highly successful while nationally, the authors were unable to even raise what many of the reader considered important questions about issues facing the organisation. As managing necessarily involves people working together, it is in retrospect quite astounding that it took so long for the substantial body of research, which seeks to understand social condition to be consulted to inform management practice. Traditional management theories, at least since the 1990s, have tended to make a distinction between leaders and managers. Any change in understanding requires the people to let go of control in some way. The reality is, however, that some of the ways of trying to impose certainty because of fears of uncertainty are counterproductive. Depending upon a position in the hierarchy, the people may have more, or less, leeway to change the way things are done around.
