ABSTRACT
In this chapter, I will look at expertise which is, compared to climate change and Covid-19, much less science based, if at all. The examples are medical expertise, journalism, and law. Among those, medicine has arguably the closest relation to science, journalism the least. They provide practical knowledge, that is, instrumental knowledge which allows to make a difference in the world. However, the specific advice contained in such practical knowledge is not always applied or appreciated. It has become the object of public discussions. Professional experts tend to disagree on many issues. They have also come under pressure from two sides, from educated laypeople (‘citizen expertise’) and from technological developments summarized under the term artificial intelligence (AI).
