Introduction

This chapter serves as an introduction to the topic of Chinese provinces’ international actorness and the study of paradiplomacy. The chapter highlights the need for scholarly research on the paradiplomacy of Chinese provinces, particularly those located along the borders. In addition, the objectives of the book are outlined, with a focus on how Yunnan has become an international relations actor by analyzing the inherent characteristics of the province as an international player. The chapter not only establishes a four-dimensional analytical framework based on paradiplomacy and actorness but also challenges the assumption that Chinese provinces lack external affairs powers and diplomatic resources. Finally, the chapter discusses the methodological implications of using a single case study and the importance of cultivating relations with local authorities in border provinces.